Although unemployment has not increased to any extent, underemployment has. Additionally, data indicate that the perceptions of the job market have slipped over the past 6 years.

	1991	1993	1995	1997
Unemployed	1.2%	1.2%	0.6%	0.7%
Involuntarily out of field ("underemployed")	1.0%	3.5%	3.1%	3.1%

	% said job market was "bleak"	% said job market was "excellent"
1989	2.3%	11.6%
1991	3.6%	9.8%
1993	6.8%	6.0%
1995	9.7%	3.0%
1997	5.5%	8.7%

Source: NSF/SRS Survey of Doctorate Recipients; Doctorate Employment Survey, APA Research Office.

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